It is often difficult to clinically diagnosis autoimmune encephalitis because patients’ symptoms can be so widely varied. In the Sept. 2016, issue of The Lancet Neurology, Francesc Graus and colleagues proposed an initial diagnostic work-up relying on conventional neurological evaluation and standard diagnostic tests such as MRI, CSF sampling, and EEG. This approach would enable clinicians to make a timely diagnosis of “possible autoimmune encephalitis,” allowing initiation of immunotherapy. To read the full paper please visit The Lancet Neurology.